Journal: Science Advances
Article Title: Molecular basis of the hepatobiliary tropism of typhoid toxin promoting Salmonella pathogenicity
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adt2040
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A schematic depicting (B) experiments. ( B ) Organ CFUs of S. Typhi ( n = 5 to 7). ( C ) A schematic depicting (D) to (G) experiments. ( D ) Organ CFUs of S. Typhi ( n = 4 to 7). ( E ) Heatmaps summarizing the scores of modified SHIRPA and clinical indexes. White squares represent a score “0” (normal), and red squares represent a score “4” and “3” (severe) for SHIRPA and clinical indexes, respectively. Heatmap colors represent the mean values of all mice in the same group. ( F ) Representative liver photographs obtained on day 6 from the indicated mice. PltC, PltC-TyT–treated mice without S. Typhi infection (left). ( G ) Peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. ( H ) A schematic depicting (I) and (J) experiments. ( I ) Organ CFUs of S. Typhi ( n = 5 to 11). Twenty-four hours after the infection. ( J ) Organ CFUs of S. Typhi hilD Q39E , N44D , H95L triple mutant ( n = 9). ( K to P ) In vitro S. Typhi invasion studies. (K) CFUs of the S. Typhi inoculum used. (L) Osmolarities of bacterial culture media containing different concentrations of bile extract. (M and N) Representative microscopy images of bacterial invasion into human gallbladder epithelial cells (GBECs; M) or human Henle 407 epithelial cells (N). (O and P) CFUs of intracellular WT S. Typhi (O) or hilD Q39E , N44D , H95L triple mutant (P) recovered from human GBEC (left panels) and Henle 407 cells (right panels). The box and whiskers plots: the median, the central line; the mean, numbers above each box and “+.” Bar graphs denotes the means ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired Mann-Whitney tests and two-tailed unpaired t tests were performed to analyze in vivo and in vitro study results, respectively. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001. See also figs. S5 to S8 and tables S3 to S5.
Article Snippet: The immortalized human gallbladder epithelial cells (SV40) (HGBECs, Creative Bioarray, catalog no. CSC-I2075Z) were cultured in Immortalized human gallbladder epithelial cell medium (Creative Bioarray, catalog no. CM-I2075Z) supplemented with 0.1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, 0.1% epidermal growth factor (EGF), 0.1% hydrocortisone, 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution, and 5% FBS, following the vendor’s instructions.
Techniques: Modification, Infection, Mutagenesis, In Vitro, Microscopy, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, In Vivo
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